𝓣𝓞𝓟𝓘𝓒 7 - 𝓐𝓒𝓐𝓓𝓔𝓜𝓘𝓒 𝓘𝓝𝓣𝓔𝓖𝓡𝓘𝓣𝓨 𝓐𝓝𝓓 𝓟𝓔𝓡𝓕𝓞𝓜𝓐𝓝𝓒𝓔

 

Overview

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the representation of another author's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one's own original work. In educational contexts, there are differing definitions of plagiarism depending on the institution

The common type of Plagiarism

💦Global plagiarism

          - Presenting an entire text by someone else as your own work

💦Paraphrasing plagiarism

         - Rephrasing someone else's ideas without citation

💦Verbatim plagiarism

          - Directly copying a passage of text without citation

💦Mosaic plagiarism

        - Combining text and ideas from different sources without citation

💦Self-plagiarism

        - Reusing passages and ideas from your own previously submitted work

💦Incorrect citation

        - Falling to give all the necessary information in your source citation

How to prevent plagiarism when writing their assignment, report or paper

💥Quite simply - cite your sources!

• Document where you got your information from using in-text citations and a bibliography

💥Quote, paraphrase and summarize!

• Quote - use exact text, verbatim from the source
• Paraphrase - provide a detailed restatement of a single main idea using your own words
• Summarize - include the main idea of a source using your own words

Calculating Grade Point Average

Formula Grade Point Average (GPA)

Formula Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA)

Dismissed Status

GPA Worksheet

%	Grades	Grade- Point Equivalent	Meaning
80-100	A	4.00	Outstanding
75-79	A-	3.67	Very Good
70-74	B+	3.33	Good
65-69	B	3.00	Pass
60-64	B-	2.67	Conditional Pass (Subject to CGPA=>3.00)
55-59	C+	2.33
50-54	C	2.00
45-49	C-	1.67	Fail
40-44	D+	1.33
45-39	D	1.00
0-34	F	0.00

 

𝓣𝓞𝓟𝓘𝓒 6 - 𝓣𝓐𝓚𝓘𝓝𝓖 𝓛𝓔𝓒𝓣𝓤𝓡𝓔 𝓝𝓞𝓣𝓔𝓢

 

What is note taking???

💓Writing down ideas from lectures and readings in our own words

Why take notes?

💛Helps us to pay attention in class

💛Helps us study for quiz, tests/ final exam

💛Helps us improve our memory

💛Helps us take ownership of ideas

💛Helps us engage our senses

💛Helps us organize and process data and information

💛Helps the lecturers test students on how well their captured given information.

Why review notes?

💗We lose 80% of what we hear if it is not reviewed within in a few hours

💗Identify any questions for peers, the next class, or ask the professor

💗There is not enough time to absorb all the information given in class if it's not reviewed on a regular        basis

💗Think : " if I were tested on this lecture tomorrow would I ace it? " Make it so !

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TAKE TIME EVERY DAY TO REVIEW NOTES~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Why " recapture " notes after class?

Frees you up to write in quick, shorthand during class 💅

💫An excellent test-prep strategy for reinforcing information better than re-copying, this time you're digesting & rephrasing

Great for Kinesthetic learners

Can catch??s, gaps, look-up words

Prompts higher-level questions

Saves hours of studying and review the days before test

Introductory Questions

What  materials do we need?

💚Loose -leaf paper💚

How do we take notes?

💜Date and label notes

💜Give ourselves space to write

💜Use abbreviations and symbols

      👉What are some examples of symbols and abbreviations?

💜Use an outline to show:

    👉 Main ideas

    👉Supports

    👉Examples

💜Use our own language

How do we prepare for class?

💙Do pre-reading and homework

💙Review syllabus

💙Preview previous notes

💙Look up key words prior to class

💙Plan on listening 80% of the time and 20% of the time

💙Write the date at the top of you paper for notes

💙Leave spaces between the lines so that add information later

While taking notes

👍Be an aggressive, not a passive, listener

-Ask questions and discuss if its permitted

• if not , jot question in your notes
• seek out meaning

Key action to note as you OBSERVE your instructor

💀Be alert to repetition - when an instructor repeats a specific point, make a note of it

💀Watch the board or overhead projector - If an instructor writes something down, the material is   

     important 

💀Notice the instructor's interest level - If the instructor is excited about something, it is likely to be       on an exam        

💀Let go of judgement about lecture styles - Don't let your attitude about an instructor's style

 get in the way of your education

What happens when your instructor isn't too interesting *tips

👌When you notice your attention slipping, pay attention to the ACT of writing

👌Ask questions - Chances are, the question you think is 'dumb' is on the mind of the several classmates

👌Volunteer for - demonstration and discussion

👌Sit in front of the room - It has been proven that students who sit close to the front are more likely to do better on tests because:

• it is harder to fall asleep
• the board is easier to read
• the instructor can see you more easily

*Also when you sit in front, you are declaring your willingness to take a risk and participate*

Cornell Note Taking

✌Two column method -- Outlining -- Mapping method  -- Sentence method  

Example 👇

How to review after a class?

💚Review notes along with the book

💚Create your own example

💚Discuss and compare notes with others

💚Re-write notes

💚Practice those skills you wish to develop

💚Ask professor for clarification

Remember SQ4R

𝒯𝒪𝒫𝐼𝒞 𝟧 - 𝑀𝐸𝑀𝒪𝑅𝒴 𝐿𝐸𝒜𝑅𝒩𝐼𝒩𝒢

Overview

💦Understanding memory processes

💦Memory strategies

💦Understanding concentration

💦Strategies for improving concentration

💦Reading/study system (SQ3R)

Learning Pyramid

Why teach others got so much percent ????? 

-This is because of we can understand much better and this method of training is more effective

Activity 4.1 (Memory vs Brain)

Memory and Brain

What is Memory?

💫 The retention of information over time or the mind stores and remember information (mental processes / cognition), like computer software

What is Brain?

💭 The brain is the organ, like computer hardware

The Storage 

Activity 4.7 (Close Your Eyes)

Memory 

👀The brain's capabilities can be increased through various stimulations, recommendations, nutrition, exercise, exercise, practice and taboos. Spiritual practices including prayer, worship and taqwa can nourish and activate brain cells. 

👀A healthy body guarantees a healthy and intelligent brain. Nutritious, nutritious, balanced and scheduled nutrition and exercise contribute to the health of the body and influence mental health.

Why we always forgotten???

😌Disorders

😌Focus on attention

😌Time factors

It is easier to remember if :

😍Interest

😍Repeated@ Replays

😍Options

😍Training

Memory Strategies

⧭What strategies do you use to remember the colours of the rainbow?

⧭If you do not have your smartphone or pen or paper, what strategy do use to remember your friends phone number?

How to improve your Strategy?

1. Masses practice VS  spaced practice

👅Massed practice (not good)- cramming, involves studying all the materials at one time. Do not have time to understand, remember, and organize the reading materials. (Reason: Short term memory(STM) cannot sustain many information at one time)

VS

👅Space practice( good, recommended) - involves space time over some period of time for studying. Spaced practice or distributed practice allows time for the information to consolidate in the long-term memory. Taking breaks between learning sessions allow you to think and organize the information.

2. Break reading material down (again no cramming) for some period of time, e.g 2 chapters per day, not all chapters a day before the exam.

3. Rehearsal - Repeat the information many times. Example ; Repeat a telephone number 10 times.(⧭)

4. Elaboration Strategies

∎ Acronyms / Catchwords

    e.g     MAS - Malaysian Airline System; 

              UiTM - Universiti Teknologi MARA

∎ Acrostics / Catchphrase-

    e.g     Carnivores - animal eater

              Herbivores - plant eater

              Omnivores - animal and plant eaters

              Decomposes - eat decaying organisms

              the Catchphrase : " Can Henry Omit Dents"

∎ Memory tricks(⧭)

1. Methods for remembering using things we like and those in our environment
2. Make it funny
3. There are two types of acronyms & rhythms
4. Examples of Mnemonics;

                  Michael Jackson Kill His Brother In University

              ( M- erah, J-ingga, K-uning, H-ijau, B-iru, I-ndigo, U-ngu ) 

∎ Imagenary - visualize the image of the information needed

∎ Organizational strategies - organize the materials for example animals can be divided into 3 types which is mammal, reptiles, amphibians

Strategies for improving concentration

1. Use motivational and organizational strategies- create interest in the work, develop a positive attitude toward you work, use goal setting strategies, use time-management strategies.
2. Create a positive learning environment - find a better location, reduce multitasking, minimize distractions
3. Deal with internal distractions - deal with personal problems, deal with competing activities.
4. Use active learning strategies ( as discussed in improving memory)
5. Match your learning style to the task
6. Monitor you concentration

👾Concentration vs Breaking Concentration?

👾Causes of poor concentration?

1. Lack of attention
2. Lack of interest
3. Lack of motivation
4. Distraction from others
5. Uncomfortable environment
6. Physiological matters - illness, tiredness
7. Physiological matters - personal problems, worries, anxieties

Concentrate Strategies

Concentration Chart

Date	Study Task	Concentration Problem	Cause	Strategy
22/11	MAT102 (Exercise 6) Ques : 1-14	Can’t understand what lecturer said and can’t hear their voice clearly	Network connection	I need to ask my classmate about what their learn and ask the lecturer if I still don’t understand
23/11	Quiz AGR122 (Chapter 1&2 )	The subject about boring and I usually get sleepy	I am not used about that subject	I did my own notes to make sure I will understand and easy to do a revision
30/11	Slide Monocots and Dicots	Don’t have a time	Have many works/ task to do	Rearrange my schedule and finish it as soon as possible
21/11	Video assignment (ODL Experience)	I had no idea and just wondering when I want to do	I always feeling insecure with my friend	I neea to finish it quickly and plan what I want to do
15/12	CTU101 ( Portfolio & Analisa)	Not interested	I don’t understand how to do it	I need to force myself to do it if not I will fail in the subject
23/11	ELC121 (Quizziz)	Always get mad and not confident with my answer	Network and always do mistakes	I have to  make a practice to good in english

Reading Text

Summary

Approximately 190 nation-states currently exist throughout the world; today , everyone is born, lives and dies under the auspices of a nation-state( see Skocpol and Amenta 1986) . Four main types of political systems are found in nation-states: monarchy, authoritarianism, totalitarianism, and democracy.

First, Monarchy is been used when in agrarian societies and are associated with traditional authority patterns (generation by generation). Second, authoritarianism is controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government. Examples, Saudi arabis and Kuwait of authoritarian absolute monarchies. Authoritarian regimes seek to control the media and to suppress coverage of any topics or information that does not reflect upon the regime.Third, Totalitarianism is system which is the state seeks to regulate all aspects of people's public and private lives. To keep people  from rebelling, totalitarian government enforce community. Last,  Democracy is system which the people hold the ruling power either directly or through elected representatives. So now most of the country using this political system to make sure their county is in peace . Direct participatory democracy requires that citizens be able to meet together regularly to debate and decide the issues of the day. 

SQ3R : Survey-Question-Read-Recite-Review

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